The Philippines were declared an American Territory on January 4, 1899, and fortification construction soon began on the islands in the mouth of Manila Bay. Amo

The Philippines were declared an American Territory on January 4, 1899, and fortification construction soon began on the islands in the mouth of Manila Bay. Amo

In the late-19th century, with the advances in technology and the increase in America's economic stature, a new round of fortification building began in the Uni

In the late-19th century, with the advances in technology and the increase in America's economic stature, a new round of fortification building began in the Uni

This book is a heavily illustrated, definitive history of the American-built forts and harbor defenses of Manila and Subic Bay in the Philippines. This work tel