Liquid water transport and oxygen diffusion within the gas diffusion layer (GDL) play key roles in the performance of a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel

Custom microporous layers (MPLs) were fabricated and designed to enhance fuel cell performance and water management at two specific operating conditions, operat

The microporous layer (MPL) in polymer electrolyte fuel cells is known to enhance performance and durability of the membrane electrode assembly. However, the de

The polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell is a versatile alternative for the decarbonization of the transportation sector. However, high cost and limited