Far from displaying a uniform pattern of integration, the European Union varies significantly across policy areas, institutional development and individual coun

The notion of Differentiated Integration is increasingly used in the literature on European integration. Often employed interchangeably with the notion of "flex

This book offers a comprehensive account and assessment of differentiation in European integration, including an analysis of differentiation in EU enlargement,

"The Routledge Handbook of Differentiation in the European Union offers an essential collection of ground-breaking chapters reflecting on the causes and consequ

Assessing the consequences of Brexit on EU policies, institutions and members, this book discusses the significance of differentiation for the future of Europea