Many investment arbitration cases involve a challenge to a regulatory measure of a host state on the basis of indirect expropriation. The practice of arbitral t

In recent years, there has been a marked increase in the number of investors seeking compensation from states perceived to have expropriated their projects. Par

Arbitration Under International Investment Agreements: A Guide to the Key Issues provides a comprehensive analysis of the main issues that arise in investor-sta

Today thousands of investors act globally in markets providing services, technology or capital in countries all around the world. This activity can be peacefull

This book seeks to determine the level of substantive protection that investment treaties should provide to foreign investment.