In search of sustainable and inclusive palm oil production builds on the old debate regarding the role of smallholder farmers in society and links it to the int

Key messages Several sustainability certification schemes have been developed for palm oil; however, the field impacts of these schemes remain highly uncertain.

The global palm oil sector faces ongoing threats to sustainability caused by deforestation, peatland development, labor rights violations and land right conflic

Key messages Many stakeholders, including governments, production and processing companies and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), are working towards a more

The oil palm industry has transformed rural livelihoods and landscapes across wide swathes of Indonesia and Malaysia, generating wealth along with economic, soc