The transformation of sound recording into a scientific technique in the study of birdsong, as biologists turned wildlife sounds into scientific objects. Scient

This book challenges the orthodox approach to the teaching of second language listening, which is based upon the asking and answering of comprehension questions

When Kit Dobson's daughter looked at the field of stars on the screen at the beginning of a new Star Wars movie in the theatre and remarked to her father, "Yeah

Testing second language listening proficiency validly and reliably has always posed a challenge. In the days before the widespread availability of recorded mate

A down-to-earth, practical guide for interview and participant observation and analysis. In-depth interviews and close observation are essential to the work of