"Abu Hamid al Ghazali, one of the most famous Muslim intellectuals in the history of Islam, set out to provide a legally sanctioned definition of Unbelief (kufr

It has been customary to see the Muslim theologian Abu Hamid al-Ghazali (d. 1111) as a vehement critic of philosophy, who rejected it in favour of Islamic mysti

Since the beginning of its history, Islam has encountered other religious communities both in Arabia and in the territories conquered during its expansion. Musl

A magisterial, myth-dispelling history of Islamic Spain spanning the millennium between the founding of Islam in the seventh century and the final expulsion of

Al-Ghazālī (d. 505/1111) is one of the most influential thinkers of Islam. There is hardly a genre of Islamic literature where he is not regarded as a major a