Long term contracts have been used in the international petroleum industry since its earliest days. However, they have been prone to unilateral revision by host

This book assesses stability guarantees through the lens of the legitimate expectations principle to offer a new perspective on the stability concept in interna

Examines the philosophical foundation of legitimate expectations to create a normative framework for use in investment treaty arbitration

"Presents the results of a questionnaire-based survey circulated to the main players in the petroleum sector, revealing actual existing contractual risk managem

"In recent years, the concept of fair and equitable treatment has assumed prominence in investment relations between States. While the earliest proposals that m