On the basis of Trenberth's quantitative definition for marking the occurrence of an El Nino (or La Nina), one can precisely identify by month and year the star

On the basis of sea surface temperature in the El Niño 3.4 region (5° N.-5° S., 120°-170° W.) during the interval of 1950-1997, Kevin Trenberth previously

Today, El Niño refers to the extreme warming episodes of the globally effective coupled ocean-atmospheric interaction commonly known as ENSO (i.e., "El Nino-So