Permanent organizations of the society of nations began with the Second Hague Peace Conferences of 1899 and 1907 and the Permanent Court of Arbitration founded

outside the continent. --Book Jacket.

When the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) was founded just over a century ago the practice of referring disputes to international tribunals was un usual. In

Explores what the author sees as the dual character of American foreign policy at the end of the 19th century.