The topic of animal motivation deals with how and why animals engage in particular activities: what mechanisms inside the animal generate behaviour, how stimuli

In psychology, motivation refers to the initiation, direction, intensity and persistence of behaviour. Motivation is a temporal and dynamic state that should no

This volume covers the current status of research in the neurobiology of motivated behaviors in humans and other animals in healthy condition. This includes con

Wolves excitedly greet each other as members of the pack come together; a bumble bee uses its long tongue to reach the nectar at the base of a foxglove flower;