Although most Arab countries remain authoritarian, many have undergone a restructuring of state-society relations in which lower- and middle-class interest grou

The popular uprisings in 2011 that overthrew Arab dictators were also a rebuke to crony capitalism, diverted against both rulers and their allied businessmen wh

Is business the solution to the problems of the Middle East? Some economists and policymakers argue that unleashing the Arab private sector is the key to sustai

In the early 1960s the Middle East suffered from political instability, inefficiency of government, widespread poverty and inequality, low productivity, and a m

This is the fifth volume in a series on the Middle East. It focuses on the manner in which the character of the state affects economic policies. It also looks a