Melting at the submerged faces of marine-terminating glaciers at the fringes of Antarcticaand Greenland has increased dramatically in recent decades. This accel

Mass loss of the Greenland Ice Sheet is expected to accelerate in the 21st century in response to both a warming atmosphere and ocean, with consequences for sea

Glacial fjords form conduits between glaciers of the Greenland Ice Sheet and the North Atlantic. They are the gateways for importing oceanic heat to melt ice an

The issue of global warming and climate change is of continuous concern. Since the 1970s, it bas been shown that the pack-ice around the Arctic Ocean is thinnin

The World Ocean Circulation Experiment drove the development of estimates of the decadal scale time evolving general circulation that are dynamically and kinema