This unique study spotlights the role of masculinity in Iranian history, linking masculinity to social and political developments.

For years, Iranian academics, writers, and scholars have equated national development and progress with the reform of men’s sexual behavior. Modern intellectu

Much has been written on how masculinity shapes international relations, but little feminist scholarship has focused on how international relations shape mascul

Reza Zia-Ebrahimi revisits the work of Fath?ali Akhundzadeh and Mirza Aqa Khan Kermani, two Qajar-era intellectuals who founded modern Iranian nationalism. In t

Javanmardi is one of those Persian terms that is frequently mentions in discussions of Persian identity, and yet its precise meaning is difficult to comprehend.