There are legal limits on the circumstances under which states may use military force to address a perceived or actual threat. The concepts of necessity and pro

States invariably justify using force extraterritorially by reference to their right of self-defence. In doing so, they accept that the exercise of this right i

1. Introduction 2. What is Proportionality? 3. Proportionality: A Multiplicity of Meanings 4. Proportionality in the Just War Tradition 5. Proportionality in In

Preventing War and Promoting Peace focuses on how health professionals can actively engage in the prevention of war and the promotion of peace.

Revitalizing the concept of military necessity -- Lawful war of self-defense : when not to be a sitting duck -- Military strategy : the blind spot of internatio