The reign of Pope Gregory VII (1073-85), who gave his name to an era of Church reform, is critically important in the history of the medieval church and papacy.

A complete translation of the Register, considered by some to be one of the greatest and most vigorous of all poes and makers of European and world history.

The eleventh-century papal reform transformed western European Church and society and permanently altered the relations of Church and State in the west. The ref

"This book describes the roots of a set of ideals that effected a radical transformation of eleventh-century European society that led to the confrontation betw