This book confronts a significant paradox in the development of literary realism: the very novels that present themselves as purveyors and celebrants of direct,

The human figure made a spectacular return in visual art and literature in the 1920s. Following modernism's withdrawal, nonobjective painting gave way to realis

One fall evening in 1880, Russian painter Ilya Repin welcomed an unexpected visitor to his home: Lev Tolstoy. The renowned realists talked for hours, and Tolsto

An illustrated study of the interactions between photographic technique and literary representation in the nineteenth century.