Focusing on how the papacy took an increasing role in shaping the direction of its own reform and that of society itself, this text also addresses the role of t

The eleventh-century papal reform transformed western European Church and society and permanently altered the relations of Church and State in the west. The ref

This book explores the relationship between the papacy and reform against the backdrop of social and religious change in later tenth and eleventh-century Europe

The essays in this volume centre upon the epoch-making papacy of Gregory VII (1073-85), and complement the author’s major study of the pope. They look at the

Concentrating on the popes and the antipopes, this book examines the perturbations of ecclesiastical reform from the mid-eleventh century to the reign of Gregor