The Suharto (1966-98) government of Indonesia and the Mahathir (1981-2003) government of Malaysia both launched Islamisation programmes, upgrading and creating

"Islam in the Malay world of Southeast Asia or Islam Nusantara, as it has come to be known, had for a long time been seen as representing the more spiritual and

This book explains how the leaders of the world's largest Islamic organizations understand tolerance, explicating how politics works in a Muslim-majority democr

The twentieth century was a fascinating period of profound political, social and economic changes in Indonesia. These changes contributed to the diversification

This author of this book argues that while generally ulamas, or religious teachers, had to support state ideologies, they sometimes succeeded in YcapturingOE th