Within every picture is a hidden language that conveys a message, whether it is intended or not. This language is based on the ways people perceive and process

This revised, second edition develops the creative principles established in the first edition, building particularly on three-dimensional forms, featuring a la

A broad-ranging survey of our current understanding of visual languages and their theoretical foundations. Its main focus is the definition, specification, and

"... the details of Saint-Martin's argument contain a wealth of penetrating observations from which anyone with a serious interest in visual communication will