The phenomenon of shocks is often mentioned in relation to economic crises but rarely studied. This gap in research has resulted in shocks being poorly understo

Businesses have had to face many challenges due to the COVID-19 pandemic; to survive in the changing landscape, they had to adapt quickly and implement new tact

Environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) risk considers the nonfinancial risks that could arise in a business, such as sustainability, brand reputa

"The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implica

Climate change and its impact on society is considered one of the most important factors in understanding social and economic variables. Changing patterns in ec